Lighting system.



C. F. DUSSAUD.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3, 1912.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Wit esse J, .6

C. F. DUSSAUD.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3. 1912.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

7 SHEETS SHEET 2.

Fig.6.

itnesses: I

C. F. DUSSAUD.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

,APPLICATION FILED APR. 3, 1912.

1,174,240. Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

v 7 SHEETS SHEET 3.

Fig. 5? I Fi .5

In Ven for.

C71ar7es Fungus Dussaud.

Y m y c. F. DUSSAUD. LIGHTING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED APR. 3|1912.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4- Fig. 8.

v I Inventor:

*/Lm fkwwv l M Attorney.

itnesses: fi wmf C. F. DUSSAUD.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR.3.19'12} Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

I SHEET SSHEET 5- g'.10.

Fig. 9.

Fig.1 1

Inventor:

M jzwm Attorney. A

c. F. DUSSAUD.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3. m2.

1,174,240. Patented Mar. 7,1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 6- witnesses: V

I jlttonwul C. F. DUSSAUD.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION man APR. 3. 1912.

1,174,240. Patented Mar. 7,1916.

'1 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Witnesses:

Attorney.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES FRANQOIS DUSSAUD, OF PARIS. FRANon'AssIcrNoR TO sooIETE INTER- NATIONALE DE LIIMIERE FROIDE (rnooEDEs DUSSAUD), or PARIS, FRANCE.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

Specification oi: Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES FRANQOIS \DUSSAUD, of 19 Rue Guillaume Tell, in the city of Paris, Republic of France, have invented a Lighting System, of whlch the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention has for its object a lighting system capable of giving a light of very great intensity without this light'producing any appreciable heat.

This lighting system substantially comprises: a, a series of electric lamps with metallic filament (preferably of tungsten),

mounted upon a disk, drum or endless band receiving a continuous or intermittent rotary motlon and all-connected to one of the poles of a source of electric energy; 6. a

fixed contact. connected to the other pole of the source'of electric energyand arranged in such a manner that the lamps, during their rotary motion, successively come into successive lightings.

For the purpose of increasing the lumi nous, power of the lighting system, the lamps are supervolted at the lighting are provided with. reflective mirrors, or light opposite a condenser, or are each provided with a portion of a reflector coming opposite a fixed reflector open at its base and arranged opposite the lighting points of the lamps. i

It is well known that there has been used, for lighting, electric lamps placed onebehind the other and lighting successively, but these devices were combined especially for producing animated luminous effects and not for obtaining a fixed intense light without appreciable heat.

This lighting system is capable of being used'with advantage for projecting. purposes, as, even if it is provided witha condenser, the heat it gives off being practically nil, it is incapable of igniting easily inflammable bodies; such as celluloid. By

reason of thelow temperature of theelectric bulbs at the time oftheir lighting, the latter may be very close to the condenser, which allows of obtaining'a better utilization of 55 the light rays.

point and which This lighting system may also be applied for the constitution of flare-up lights or lighthouses and for constituting apparatus for optical telegraphy.

. The accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example various apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

Figure 1 shows in elevation a continuous movement apparatus; Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan view; Fig. 3 is a back view thereof; Fig. 4 is aside view of the same apparatus; Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on line A-A of Fig; 1;Figs. 5 and 5 show a condenser arranged in two different ways; Fig. '6 is an elevation, Fig. 6 a sectional view and Fig. 7 a plan view of the apparatus applied to a lighting apparatus to be fitted to '-'a ceiling; Fig. 8 is an elevation of an apparatus arranged for constituting a flareup light or lighthouse; Fig. 9 is an elevation of an apparatus for optical telegraphy; Fig.

10 is a back view thereof; Fig. 11 isa plan view of same; Fig. 12 shoivs the apparatus provided with a control device; Fig. 13 is a plan view of this control device; Fig. 14 is a side view and Fig. 15 a front view of the key of one of the manipulators; ,Fig. 16 shows the key of the manipulator engaged in a perforation of the control device; Fig. 17 is a front view thereof; Fig. 18 shows an intermittent movement apparatus; Fig. .19 is a de ail view; Fig. 20 is a modification of this later apparatus; Fig. 21 is a special reflector; Fig. 22 shows in elevation a device for bringing the lamps successively opposite a. determined point of the space; Fig. 23 is a front view thereof; Fig. 24 shows electric lamps mounted on the periphery of a ro-" tating drum; Fig. 25 shows the same lamps mounted on an endless band; Fig. 26 shows the lamps mounted on a carrier directly secured on the shaft of a small dynamo.

As illustrated in the drawings (Figs. 1 to 5), the continuous movement apparatus comprises a disk a, made of insulating material, vertically arranged and mounted upon an axis a capable of rotating in a support, b. Upon this axis a which is electrically insulated, is also secured a metal pulley cconnected by a cable 0 to a small driving motor d.

On the front face of thedisk a are arranged lelectric bulbs e with metallic filament, ferably of tungsten. These bulbs, e equidistant, form a continuous crown. and are each mounted in a socket f secured upon the disk a by means of a screw 7' electrically insulated from thls socket. The two poles of the lamp are respectively in communication with the socket f and the screw 7, as illustrated in Fig. 5. The elec-- 'tric current is brought to the electric bulbs 0 thus arranged in the following manner: The end of each of the screws f servlng to securethe sockets f is fitted in a metallic crown 9 arranged upon the back part of the disk a. This metallic crown g is connected by a plate It to a metal disk 72, fitted against the metal pulley 0. Upon the latter constantly rubs a brush 2' connected to one of the poles of the source of electric energy. The other pole of this source 1s connected to a brush 7' placed at a point of the circumference described by the sockets 7' during the rotary motion of the disk at; this brush is successively encountered by the lamp sockets f. By reason of the arrangement of the elec-. tric bulbs e, a pole only of which is constantly connectedto the source of electric energy, each of these bulbs is lighted only at the moment? its socket f comes into contact with the brush 7' and thislamp extinguishes as soon as its socket '7 leaves the said brush j. The working of the apparatus will then be easily understood, p

The disk a carrying thebulbs e, receiving from the motor a rotary motion, all the bulbs light successively at one and, the same. point, at the moment they come into' contact with the end of the brush j, and extinguish as soon as they leave the same. By reason of the use of lamps provided with metallic filament, which practically light instantaneously, it is possible, by causing the disk at to rotate at a suflicient speed, to obtain a. lighting which, in consequence of the persistence of the impressions upon the retina, seems to come from a single permanent source. hand, by arranging a sufiicient number of electric bulbs upon the disk a, the filament of each lamp will have time to cool between two successive lightings, so there will not be produced any heating, since there will not be any addition of heat andthat the light thus obtained at a. point of the.

spacewill be practically cold.

Preferably, the electric bulbs e will be supervolted to such an extent that the metallic filament may resist without deterioration during the very-short time of the light-.. "ing. There is thus obtained a much more intense light which may still be increased 'by placing behind each lamp a mirror or a reflector of'suitable shape, Eachilamp may t, also be provided with-a a reflector portion I as shown in Fig. 21, coming opposite a fixed reflector Z at the precise moment the lamp lights. This fixed reflector Z is cut away On the other may have a very short focus, thus still increasing the luminous power of the bulb.

Instead of using a single condenser, opposite which the electric lamps 6 light successively, the condenser (1 may be secured in front of each bulb (see Fig. 5 thus avoiding any luminous losses due to the passage of the electric bulb from one edge of the fixed condenser to the other, by reason of the putting in-movement of this bulb by the disk a.

The apparatus described can receive numerous applications. By using lamps without supervoltage, there is obtained a light such that the glass is at the ambient temperature, which allows, for instance, to make 'scientificstudies upon-bodies, living or not, very delicate to heat and, in an case, where the heatproduces any pertur ation whatever' upon the lighted bodies. When the lamps are supervolted, the light obtained is, 1nractice, cold and incapable of igniting easlly inflammable bodies, such, for instance,"

.as celluloid, of producing burns, or of creatvessel he held -by small chains m or any other means This vessel, which may have any suitable shape and may be ornamented .inan manner whatever, serves as a support for t e lighting apparatus the disk a of which is arranged horizontally with. the;

bulbs 6' extending upwardlyr This appa ratus is-arrangedinsuch a manner that the located exactly'at the center of the vessel m as illustrated in'F-ig. 7. B reason of the I speed. of rotation of theidis a there is ,ob-

tained a light which seems to come from a single permanent source; this light, in eon-1;

sequence of thelighting point of the bulbs,

120 various bulbs e light successively at 'a point spring or electric motor a, for example, 'mounted on the base of the vessel m The spindle (1 of this motor carries a bevel wheel a which meshes with a bevel wheel a mounted on a vertical spindle a. This.

above, may also serve, with or without an optical system, for emergency lightings,

' either in public places or in the open air and weight, the want of transport'ability prevent in every case where the want of room, the

the use of the actual apparatus giving a powerful electric lighting.

The continuous movement apparatus may also be used for constituting intermittent lights the number and the duration of the flashes of which may be varied at will. In

this case, the lamps 6, instead of forming a crown on the dlsks a, are arranged at deter-- mined points as illustrated in Fig. 8. It

a will be easilyunderstoodthat by varying the position and the number of the lamps e on the disk (1, intermittent lights will be obtained the flashes of'which" may also vary and may be different for various light sending stations.

It is to be understood that optical system maybe placed. opposite the lighting point of the lamps, By using an a- .paratus of this kind flare-up lighthouses o a great luminous intensity can be constructed at a low net cost. This apparatus can also be used with advantage as a source of light for serve also, with some modifications, for

establishingapparatus for optical telegraphy and allowing the sending of luminous signals, according to a determined code, forinstance the Morse alphabet in which the letters are formed by long or short electric im- 7 pulses, variously combined. Figs. 9 to 17 illustrate one of these apparatus; In this arrangement, the disk a..carries, upon its front'face, two series of electric lamps arranged. according to a single concentric circle. The first series n com risesa number length corresponding to are dashes of h the accompanying drawing the series. o'pomprises a single lamp. The lamp sockets f f of'the series a are connected to a contact p and those of the series 0 to a. contact g both secured on the back face of the disk a.

These contacts p and g are placed at different points of two concentric circles and their sizes correspond to the number of lamps of the two series n and 0. The lamps of'these two series are fed by a separate circuit. To that effect, two brushes r and s can come in engagement with the cgntacts p and g; these brushes are connected through the medium of two manipulators t and t with one of the poles of the source of electric energy. The other pole of this source vis connected to, the brush j which can come in contact with thelamp sockets f. The manipulators t and t allow the current to pass either for feeding the lamps of the series a corresponding to the long emissions, or for feeding the lamp 0 corresponding to the short emissions.

The operation of this apparatus is effected as follows: If, for instance, the operator. presses upon the manipulator tfor obtaining a long emission the circuit is closed and the current arrives in the brushes 1 and 'j. The contact p being driven along by the'disk a is encountered by the brush rand-the "socket f of the first lamp of the series n by the brush j. ,'This lamp lights during a very short time [and then extlnguishes when the socket leaves the brush The socket of the secondlamp then comes in contactwith the same brush,

lights upin its turn and jextinguishes soon after and so on for all the lamps of the series. When the brush j has been left by the socket'of the last lamp, the brush 1- leaves the contact 2. As mentioned above, by reason of the persistence of the impressions upon the retina the lighting will seem constant during the entire duration of the passage of the lamps of theseries'opposite the brushes. For obtaining short emissions the operator acts upon the manipulator t so as to send the current in the brushes 3 and j. When the brush 8 encounters' the contact 9 and the brush j the' socket of-thelamp 0,

the latterlights up during a; very. short time. Any, optical device whatever may be arranged'oppositefthe lighting point of the lamps. v T

' In order that the operator may press down the manipulators t and if only at the time the lamps are in the lighting position, and only'during' the time this light- I V I g iag is to 'l a st, the"apparatus is completed of lam s arranged slde by s de anfadapted T J to pro" uce luminous emissions'of a certgi videdwith two. perforations. w and 'w 10 per orations are f rmed at such points that they are presente in front of the manipulators at the time the lamps arrive at their 'zinstaneejthis disk may be mountedupon a 'vertical axis 42 carrying at its end a conical Q inio'n o gearing with anotherpinion a ast uponthe shaft w; The disk u isfproon the two concentric circles. These lighting position. The manipulators't and t are mounted upon a fixed plate :0 made of insulating material and placed under the disk u at a small distance from the latter. This plate supports, opposite the manipulators and at points corresponding to the circumference described by each perforat ion w and w two. contacts y and y connected to the brushes 1' and 8, while the two manipulators are connected to one of the poles of the battery as explained above.

Each manipulator is provided with a key .2 which can enter the perforation w or w for coming in engagement with the corresponding contact. In order that this key may be engaged into the perforation only. at the precise moment the latter arrives opposite the said key, and for preventing the raising of the manipulator during the time the lighting of the lamps is to last, each key 2 is provided at its ends with a patten 2 arranged transversely relatively to the said, key. On the other-hand, each perforation.

w or w comprises at each of itsjends an enlarged part Q02 of sufiiclent sue for allow- 'ing the free passage of the patten, these two enlarged parts being connected by a slot the width of which is smaller than that of the patten, but sufficient for allowing the passage of the stemof the key 2, as illustrated in Fig; 17. The enlarged part placed at. the end of the perforation presents an incline 1 pro vided in the thickness of the disk u. When,

for instance, the operator presses uponthe manipulatort for producing a.,lon g luminous emission, the key 2 of this manipulator comes contact with the rotary dlsk it. At

contact only by entering in the front part i short time opposite the single condenser.

This method of actuation prevents the 111- minous trail due to the passage of the bulb from one edge of the condenser to the other.

The apparatus may alsobe arranged in such a manner that the-disk a receives an a certain moment, the enlarged part 40"" placed in front oftheperforationw comes opposite-the patten, so that the key a sinks down and that the patten 2 comes in contact with the contact 9. Aslsoon as the pa'tten' enters the, opening 10*, the key a engages into the' narrow part ofv the 'erfo- -ration,. the-width ofwhich' is infer or to that ofthefpatten, so that theflatter remains in engagment with the contact'and can be disengaged only at the timeit arrives opposite the enlarged-part 1: situated "at the endof the perforation. At this moment, the p'atten z encounters the incline 1", and 'isfautoma-ticallyj brought back above the iplatejul f lnorder toprevent the disk u from rocking ander-:1 the pressure exerted byflthe ma'nipul'ators' this disk carries rollers 2 whiclifroll ionfthe Plate 0: (Fig.- 12). i-

Fro ni the foregoingfit willbe understood 'th'atfi-f the, width of' the perforation is, suitably feal'cul'ated, the .current willbe sent and the lcilfouitfelosed only. during. the recise timeioffthe lighting? of the lamps; n the r em ndsh teve w ife s sa e at I which, the operator presse o'wn Fithe, Ima- ,-n ip"ul'ator, the key, of 'thel'atter willlbe able to come intofcontactwithgthe corresponding irregular intermittent movement for varying at will the duration of the lighting given by 'each bulb e at its lighting point. Figs. 18 and shown in these figures, the motor- (Z and the pulley 0 are done away with. This pulley is replaced by a ratchet 3'rigidly secured upon the axis a of thebulb, carrying disk (1 and with which a spring pawl4 is constantly in engagement. This pawl is hinged upon a metal rod 5 capable of sliding in a fixed sleeve 6.' The latter is connected, by a plate 7 made of insulating material, to a support 8 suitably secured upon the support of the apparatus. The rod-5 constantly tends to be lifted under theaction of a spring 9 takinga bearing, on the one hand, upon the upper part of the sleeve 6 and, on the other hand, upon :an operating head 10. -Upon in permanent contact with the mass.-

of ode of; the bulbs'e in contact with the brush'j." On the other hand, at this moment, the shoulder ll comes in contact with the which the insulating plate '1 is-secured-a brush 1' connected to one of the poles of the source of electric energy and replacing the brush '5 A shoulder 11 on the rod 5 mayencounter ergy is connected asjin the first. arrangement described to the brush 9' with which can successiwly come into contact. the bulb sockets mounted upon the insulating disk at.

The operation of the apparatus thus ar ranged is as followszThe app'aratus'beihg at rest, as illustrated -in'Fig. 18, the shoulder 11 is at a certaindistance from the brush" 5, so thatthe electric circuit is not closediand none of the lamps are lighted. If a pressure is exerted upon the head 10, the rod 5 slides in the sleeve 6imoving along the pawl 4 ses the ratchet 3 to advance to the h etooth, thus bringing the socket the brush 1? when the head 10 is acted upon.

brush so that the electric circuit is closed and lamp e, the socket of which is in contact'with the brush .j, lights. So long as the pressure exerted upon the rod 5 is maintained, the bulb remains lighted. As soon I as the head 10 is released, the rod 5 rises under the action of the spring- 9, the brush 5? ceases to be in contact with the shoulder 11 and the lamp isextinguished. By pressing again upon the rod 5, the'ratchet 3 detel-mines the rotation of the disk 0, through a fraction of a revolution and a new bulb is brought opposite the brush j and lights up.

Fig. 20 shows a modification of the intermittent movement apparatus 'which has just been described. In this modification the current instead of'flowing through the brush 71' goes through the branch k and crown 9, so that current is simultaneously supplied to one of the poles of every lamp. By actuating the rod 5, as in the previous arrange- 'ment, the disk a rotates in an intermittent manner and the current is sent successively in the lamps e which light up at a same point. It is to beunderstood that the rod 5 may be actuated by hand or mechanically.

An intermittent lighting could also be obtained with the continuous movement apparatus, by interrupting the current by.means of a suitable device.

In case it is desired that. each of the'electricr bulbs 6 remains lighted during a relatively long time, the apparatus illustrated in 22 and 23 will be employed; This apparatus comprises a- .metal-lic* disk "12 adapted to carry the bulbs 2;; These bulbs are .eaph mounted upon a double hinge support" l3 allowing the suitable fsetting of the bulb. The disk 12 is secured upon an axis engaged in a fixed metallic tubel t upon which is rigidly mounted a. ratchet. 15 with the teeth of which a spring'ipawl 16 mounted u on his 'disk 12 may be operated by; means of a the disk 12 can. come in engagement.

head 17.

Each bulb is on the onehandplaced in; body contactand on the otherfhand, connected through themedium of a wire 18, to

a contact 19 mounted upon the disk 12.

These contacts may come successively in contact with a brush 20 connected to one of the poles of the source of electric energy.

The bulbs 6 therefore light up successively at one and the same point ofcthe space, that is to say I when the brush 20 comes in contact with" th e smcket of these lamps and one of these bulbs remains lighted so long as thedisk 12 is not rotated" through a fraction; of. a revolution corre sponding *to one tooth of the ratchet- 15, v forbrin 'n'g another bulb at the'lighting point. he number of these'jbulbs is suf-' ficient' forgiving to each of them time to already set forth. Instead of mounting the bulbs 6 upon a. disk, they may be arranged upon the periphry of a rotary drum 6 (Fig. 24) or upon an endless band 6 (Fig. 25). The crown carrying the lamps could be mounted directly upon the axis of a small motor 6 (Fig. 26) so that the space occupied by the whole of the lighting device may be very much reduced. In any case, the light produced will have a great intensity and, in practice, will be cold, which will allow of employing it for the uses indicated above. On the other hand, it is to be noted that by reason of the arrangement of the luminous source and of the optical system and by the supervoltage of this source, this intensive lighting may be obtained with a very small quantity of current, so that the sources of electric en-' ergy may be simply constituted by batteries or an accumulator of small size. These bulbs, having less than two and four centimeters ofradius, presenting successively their 250 or 800 candle-power of cold light, with a source reduced to a point, at the focus of a very short focus condenser, without risk of breaking or blackening this condenser, even when the luminous source is put out of center in the bulb, to be brought nearer to the condenser, produce the same result as that which would be obtained with the most powerful arc lights of commerce, by reason of the. utilization by the condenser of a luminous source of very small size and placed very close to said condenser.

Claims: 1. A 'lighting device comprising a rotary support, a. plurality of. electric lamps mounted upon sald support and means for flashing electric current through said lamps as they pass in successionopposite a fixed point, the number of lamps being such that each lamp is given time to cool down between two successivelig'hting.

2. A lighting deviee comprising a rotary support, electric lamps mounted upon this support and means forcausing said lamps to light up successively at one and the same point with. supervoltage, at this oint, the number of these lamps-being su cient for giving .to each filamenttime'to'cool between two. successive lightings,.

Aali hting. device .comprislng; a disk of insulating material, an axis carrylng said ",Idisk, an electriclmotorfcausing this axisto rotate continuously, a circularrow of electric lamps mounted? upon one of the faces of the disk, and means I for automatically flashing electric "current through said lamps as they pass in-succession opposite a. fixed point and cutting off thefcurrent asthey leave this pjoint,'th Speed-of rotation of the lamps bejmgsuch'astocreate the illusion of a fixed and permanentlightat said fixed point.

cool between two successive lightings, "as

4. A lighting device comprising a disk of insulating materiahan axis carrying said disk, an electric motorcausing this axis to rotatecontinuously, a circular row of electric lamps'mounted upon one of the faces of the disk, a metallic armature supported by the other face of the disk and communicating withthe lamps, a brush connected to one of the poles of the source of electric energy and rubbing. upon the armature and another brush capable of being engaged successively municating with'the lamps, a brush connected to one of the poles of the source of electric energy and rubbing upon the armature and another brush capable of being engaged successively by the lamp sockets.

6. A lighting device comprising a disk of insulat ng material, an axis carrying said;

disk, a motor for causing said axisto rotate contlnuously, two serles of electric lamps mounted upon one and the same circle of the disk, two electric circuits for feedin the two series of lamps, two'manipulators lntercalated in'these circuits-and means for causing the lamps of one series to light up successively at one and the same'point.

7. A lighting device comprising a disk of insulating material, an axis carrying said disk, amotor for causing said axis to rotate continuously, two series of electric lamps .mounted upon one and the same circle of the disk, two electric circuits for feedi'ngthe two series of lamps, two contacts corresponding tovthe' seriesof lamps placed upon the back face of the disk according to two dif-; v

ferent concentric -circles, two brushes for rubbing upon these two contacts, two manipulators intercalated in these two circuits for closing the same, and a brush capable of being successively engaged .by the sockets of the lamps.

8. A lighting device comprising a rotary support,anaxis carrying said support, a

motor causing said, axis to rotate, electric lamps so arranged on said support as to pass in succession opposite a fixed po nt, means for automatically flashing electric current through said lamps as they pass opposite said fixed point, and means for reflectlng the light generated by said lamps at said fixed point.

The foregoing specification of my lighting system, signed by me this 22nd day of March 1912,

I CHAREES FRANQOIS'DUSSAUD.

Witnesses: g

LUCIEN MENNINGER, R. Tumor. 

